Subject-Verb Agreement in English: شرح توافق الفاعل والفعل في اللغة الإنجليزية مع أمثلة واختبار STEP
| العنصر | التفاصيل |
|---|---|
| الاستخدام | مطابقة الفعل للفاعل |
| أهم نقطة | Either, Neither, Each |
| أكثر الأخطاء | Singular vs Plural |
| مستوى STEP | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Meta Description:
تعلم Subject-Verb Agreement في اللغة الإنجليزية بطريقة سهلة، مع شرح Either / Neither وEach / Every وCollective Nouns وIndefinite Pronouns، بالإضافة إلى اختبار STEP شامل مع الحلول.
ما هو Subject-Verb Agreement؟
Subject-Verb Agreement يعني:
توافق الفاعل مع الفعل.
أي أن الفعل يجب أن يتطابق مع الفاعل من حيث:
المفرد (Singular)
الجمع (Plural)
وهذا القسم من أكثر أقسام اختبار STEP تكرارًا.
القاعدة الأساسية
إذا كان الفاعل مفردًا
نستخدم فعلًا مفردًا.
Example
The student studies every day.
إذا كان الفاعل جمعًا
نستخدم فعلًا جمعًا.
Example
The students study every day.
تذكر
He works.
They work.
أولاً: Either / Neither
من أشهر أسئلة STEP.
Either...or
تعني:
إما... أو...
Example
Either Ali or Ahmed is coming.
إذا كان الفاعلان مختلفين (مفرد وجمع)
فإن الفعل يتبع الاسم الأقرب إليه.
Example
Either the teacher or the students are ready.
الفعل:
are
لأن الاسم الأقرب:
students
Example
Either the students or the teacher is ready.
الفعل:
is
لأن الاسم الأقرب:
teacher
Neither...nor
تعني:
لا هذا ولا ذاك.
نفس القاعدة تمامًا.
Example
Neither the manager nor the employees are here.
Example
Neither the employees nor the manager is here.
قاعدة ذهبية
Either...or
Neither...nor
↓
الفعل يتبع أقرب اسم.
ثانياً: Each
Each دائمًا مفرد.
Example
Each student has a book.
Each of the students is ready.
وليس:
are ready
كلمات مشابهة
Each
Every
Every one
كلها مفردة.
ثالثاً: Every
Every يأتي معه اسم مفرد وفعل مفرد.
Example
Every student studies hard.
حتى لو كان المعنى يشمل الجميع.
Example
Every boy and girl is welcome.
رابعاً: Collective Nouns
هي أسماء تدل على مجموعة.
مثل:
team
family
class
committee
audience
government
staff
company
في الإنجليزية الأمريكية غالبًا تعامل كمفرد.
Example
The team is winning.
The family lives in Riyadh.
The committee has decided.
خامساً: Indefinite Pronouns
وهذه من أهم نقاط STEP.
ضمائر دائمًا مفردة
everyone
everybody
someone
somebody
anyone
anybody
no one
nobody
each
every
either
neither
one
Examples
Everyone is happy.
Someone has called.
Nobody knows the answer.
Each has a ticket.
ضمائر دائمًا جمع
both
few
many
several
Examples
Both are correct.
Many have arrived.
Several were absent.
ضمائر تعتمد على الاسم بعدها
all
some
most
none
any
إذا كان الاسم بعدها غير معدود
الفعل مفرد.
Example
All the water is clean.
إذا كان الاسم معدودًا جمعًا
الفعل جمع.
Example
All the students are ready.
أسماء تنتهي بـ S لكنها مفرد
من أشهر خدع STEP.
Examples
Mathematics
Economics
Physics
Politics
News
كلها مفردة.
Example
Mathematics is difficult.
News is important.
أسماء تبدو مفردًا لكنها جمع
People
Police
Cattle
Children
Men
Women
Examples
The police are investigating.
People are waiting.
العبارات التي لا تغيّر الفاعل
إذا جاء بعد الفاعل:
with
along with
together with
as well as
in addition to
accompanied by
الفعل يعتمد على الفاعل الأول فقط.
Example
Ali, along with his friends, is coming.
ليس:
are coming
Example
The teacher, as well as the students, was excited.
أشهر الأخطاء في STEP
❌
Each students are ready.
✅
Each student is ready.
❌
Everyone are happy.
✅
Everyone is happy.
❌
Neither Ali nor his friends is coming.
إذا كان الأقرب:
friends
✅
Neither Ali nor his friends are coming.
❌
The police is here.
✅
The police are here.
❌
The news are good.
✅
The news is good.
كيف تميز السؤال في STEP؟
إذا رأيت:
Each
Every
Everyone
Someone
Nobody
↓
اختر فعلًا مفردًا.
إذا رأيت:
Both
Many
Several
↓
اختر فعلًا جمعًا.
إذا رأيت:
Either...or
Neither...nor
↓
انظر إلى الاسم الأقرب.
إذا رأيت:
Team
Family
Committee
↓
غالبًا استخدم فعلًا مفردًا.
إذا رأيت:
Police
People
Children
↓
استخدم فعلًا جمعًا.
نصائح مهمة لاختبار STEP
1. لا تنظر دائمًا إلى أقرب اسم.
في أغلب الجمل انظر إلى الفاعل الحقيقي.
2. فقط مع
Either...or
Neither...nor
يتبع الفعل أقرب اسم.
3. احفظ الضمائر المفردة.
Everyone
Somebody
Nobody
Each
Either
Neither
4. احفظ الكلمات التي تبدو جمعًا لكنها مفرد.
News
Mathematics
Economics
Physics
5. احفظ الكلمات التي تبدو مفردة لكنها جمع.
Police
People
Children
6. لا تجعل الكلمات بين الفواصل تربكك.
Example
Ali, along with his friends, is coming.
الفاعل:
Ali
7. إذا رأيت
Each of
↓
الفعل مفرد دائمًا.
8. مع
All / Some / Most / None
انظر إلى الاسم بعدها.
اختبار STEP – Subject-Verb Agreement (30 Questions)
1. Each student ______ a textbook.
A) have
B) has
C) having
D) had
2. Everyone ______ ready for the exam.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) be
3. Either Ali or his friends ______ coming tonight.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has
4. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ absent.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
5. Every employee ______ an ID card.
A) have
B) has
C) having
D) had
6. The team ______ playing very well this season.
A) are
B) is
C) were
D) have
7. Someone ______ left the door open.
A) have
B) has
C) were
D) are
8. Both of the answers ______ correct.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) has
9. Many students ______ interested in STEP.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has
10. The news ______ encouraging.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
11. Mathematics ______ my favorite subject.
A) are
B) is
C) were
D) have
12. The police ______ investigating the case.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) has
13. Nobody ______ the correct answer.
A) know
B) knows
C) knowing
D) knew
14. Several teachers ______ absent today.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) has
15. Either the manager or the employees ______ responsible.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has
16. Neither Ahmed nor Ali ______ at home.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
17. All the water ______ clean.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
18. All the students ______ ready.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has
19. My father, together with his friends, ______ traveling tomorrow.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
20. The committee ______ made its decision.
A) have
B) are
C) has
D) were
21. No one ______ the truth.
A) know
B) knows
C) knowing
D) knew
22. Few students ______ absent today.
A) is
B) has
C) are
D) was
23. Every boy and girl ______ invited.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
24. The family ______ living in Dammam.
A) are
B) is
C) were
D) have
25. People ______ becoming more interested in learning English.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) has
26. Either my parents or my father ______ attending the meeting.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
27. None of the information ______ useful.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
28. One of the students ______ absent.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
29. Anybody ______ welcome to join the course.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
30. Most of the books ______ on the shelf.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) has
الإجابات
B
C
B
C
B
B
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
C
C
C
C
C
B
خلاصة Subject-Verb Agreement
لحل هذا النوع من أسئلة STEP بسرعة، احفظ هذه القواعد الذهبية:
Each / Every / Everyone / Someone / Nobody / Anybody / No one / One → دائمًا فعل مفرد.
Both / Many / Several / Few / People / Police / Children → دائمًا فعل جمع.
مع Either...or و Neither...nor → الفعل يتبع الاسم الأقرب.
Team / Family / Committee / Class / Government → غالبًا تعامل كمفرد في الإنجليزية الأمريكية.
News / Mathematics / Economics / Physics → تنتهي بـ S لكنها مفردة.
All / Some / Most / None / Any → يعتمد الفعل على الاسم الذي يأتي بعدها (معدود أو غير معدود).
العبارات مثل along with, together with, as well as, with لا تغيّر الفاعل الحقيقي؛ الفعل يطابق الفاعل الأول.
نصيحة STEP: هذا القسم يعتمد على ملاحظة الفاعل الحقيقي، وليس أقرب اسم في الجملة. والاستثناء الأشهر هو Either...or و Neither...nor فقط، حيث يتبع الفعل الاسم الأقرب.
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