Common STEP Grammar: أهم قواعد STEP المتقدمة مع أمثلة واختبار (Inversion, Parallel Structure, Word Order, Grammar Traps)
| العنصر | التفاصيل |
|---|---|
| الموضوعات | Inversion, Parallel Structure, Word Order, Grammar Traps |
| أهم نقطة | أكثر الأسئلة صعوبة في STEP |
| نصيحة | اقرأ الجملة كاملة قبل اختيار الإجابة |
| مستوى STEP | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Meta Description:
تعرف على أهم القواعد المتقدمة التي تتكرر في اختبار STEP، مثل Inversion، Hardly، Never، No sooner، Parallel Structure، Word Order، Adjective vs Adverb، وأشهر الأخطاء الشائعة، مع اختبار من 30 سؤالًا وشرح جميع الإجابات.
أولاً: Inversion (قلب ترتيب الجملة)
ما هو Inversion؟
في اللغة الإنجليزية يكون ترتيب الجملة عادة:
Subject + Verb
Example:
She has finished her work.
ولكن بعد بعض الكلمات السلبية (Negative Adverbs)، يتغير ترتيب الجملة ليصبح:
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb
Example:
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
الكلمات التي تسبب Inversion
Never
Hardly
Rarely
Seldom
Little
No sooner
Only then
Only after
Not only
ثانياً: Hardly
تأتي غالبًا مع:
Hardly + had + Subject + V3 + when + Past Simple
Example:
Hardly had I arrived when the meeting started.
ثالثاً: No sooner
الصيغة:
No sooner + had + Subject + V3 + than + Past Simple
Example:
No sooner had she entered than everyone stood up.
رابعاً: Never
إذا بدأت الجملة بـ Never يحدث Inversion.
Example:
Never have I visited London.
خامساً: Rarely
Rarely تأتي في بداية الجملة ويتغير ترتيب الكلمات.
Example:
Rarely do we see such kindness.
سادساً: Parallel Structure
إذا بدأت باستخدام صيغة معينة، يجب أن تكمل بنفس الصيغة.
Correct:
She likes reading, writing, and swimming.
Wrong:
She likes reading, to write, and swimming.
سابعاً: Word Order
الترتيب الطبيعي:
Subject + Verb + Object + Place + Time
Example:
Ali studied English at home yesterday.
ثامناً: Adjective vs Adverb
Adjective
يصف الاسم.
Example:
She is a careful driver.
Adverb
يصف الفعل.
Example:
She drives carefully.
كلمات يخطئ فيها الطلاب
Good → Adjective
Well → Adverb
Quick → Adjective
Quickly → Adverb
Careful → Adjective
Carefully → Adverb
Slow → Adjective
Slowly → Adverb
تاسعاً: Common Confusing Verbs
Say / Tell
Say + something
Tell + someone
Example
She said hello.
She told me the truth.
Speak / Talk
Speak غالبًا لغة أو بشكل رسمي.
Talk محادثة عادية.
Borrow / Lend
Borrow = يستعير
Lend = يُعير
Bring / Take
Bring = يحضر إلى المتحدث.
Take = يأخذ بعيدًا.
عاشراً: أشهر Grammar Traps في STEP
say / tell
good / well
much / many
fewer / less
affect / effect
between / among
despite / although
since / for
adjective vs adverb
inversion
نصائح STEP
إذا بدأت الجملة بـ Never أو Hardly أو Rarely فكر مباشرة في Inversion.
Hardly تأتي مع when.
No sooner تأتي مع than.
بعد Like أو Enjoy راقب الـ Parallel Structure.
إذا كان المطلوب وصف فعل استخدم Adverb وليس Adjective.
احفظ أزواج الكلمات المتشابهة مثل Say/Tell وBorrow/Lend.
STEP Practice Test (30 Questions)
1.
Never ____ such an amazing view.
A) I have seen
B) have I seen
C) I saw
D) had I seen
2.
Hardly had we arrived ____ the meeting started.
A) than
B) when
C) because
D) while
3.
No sooner had she finished ____ she left.
A) when
B) than
C) while
D) because
4.
Rarely ____ people so generous.
A) do we meet
B) we meet
C) met we
D) have met we
5.
She enjoys reading, writing, and ____.
A) swim
B) swimming
C) to swim
D) swam
6.
Ali completed the assignment ____.
A) careful
B) carefully
C) care
D) caring
7.
She ____ me the answer yesterday.
A) said
B) told
C) spoke
D) talked
8.
He ____ English very well.
A) says
B) speaks
C) tells
D) borrows
9.
Can I ____ your dictionary?
A) lend
B) borrow
C) bring
D) take
10.
Please ____ this book tomorrow.
A) borrow
B) lend
C) bring
D) say
11.
The students studied ____ yesterday.
A) hard
B) hardly
C) harderly
D) hardestly
12.
She is a ____ student.
A) carefully
B) careful
C) care
D) caringly
13.
Only then ____ the truth.
A) did he realize
B) he realized
C) realizes he
D) he realize
14.
He is good ____ math.
A) in
B) at
C) on
D) for
15.
They arrived ____ the airport early.
A) at
B) in
C) on
D) to
16.
Neither of the answers ____ correct.
A) are
B) is
C) were
D) be
17.
The teacher made us ____ quietly.
A) sit
B) to sit
C) sitting
D) sat
18.
I look forward to ____ you.
A) meet
B) meeting
C) met
D) to meet
19.
She avoided ____ late.
A) arrive
B) arriving
C) arrived
D) to arrive
20.
The room needs ____.
A) clean
B) cleaning
C) cleaned
D) to cleaning
21.
He drives very ____.
A) careful
B) carefully
C) care
D) caring
22.
Neither Ali nor his friends ____ ready.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) be
23.
She has lived here ____ 2019.
A) for
B) since
C) during
D) from
24.
There isn't ____ water left.
A) many
B) much
C) few
D) several
25.
Everyone ____ happy.
A) are
B) is
C) were
D) have
26.
He explained the lesson ____.
A) clear
B) clearly
C) clarity
D) clearing
27.
I have never ____ such a mistake.
A) saw
B) seen
C) see
D) seeing
28.
Both of my brothers ____ doctors.
A) is
B) are
C) was
D) be
29.
The movie was ____ interesting that everyone enjoyed it.
A) such
B) so
C) too
D) enough
30.
She is one of the students who ____ hard every day.
A) works
B) work
C) working
D) worked
الإجابات
B
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
شرح الإجابات
1. الإجابة: B) have I seen
2. الإجابة: B) when
Hardly ... when
3. الإجابة: B) than
No sooner ... than
4. الإجابة: A) do we meet
5. الإجابة: B) swimming
فيجب أن يكون العنصر الثالث بنفس الصيغة:
swimming
6. الإجابة: B) carefully
carefully = ظرف.
7. الإجابة: B) told
القاعدة:
tell + someone
say + something
8. الإجابة: B) speaks
9. الإجابة: B) borrow
10. الإجابة: C) bring
11. الإجابة: A) hard
أما hardly فمعناها "بالكاد"، وهو معنى مختلف تمامًا.
12. الإجابة: B) careful
13. الإجابة: A) did he realize
14. الإجابة: B) at
good at
15. الإجابة: A) at
arrive at the airport
أما arrive in فتستخدم مع المدن والدول.
16. الإجابة: B) is
Neither of the answers is correct.
17. الإجابة: A) sit
make us sit
18. الإجابة: B) meeting
look forward to
نستخدم Verb + ing لأن to هنا حرف جر وليس جزءًا من المصدر.
19. الإجابة: B) arriving
avoid arriving
20. الإجابة: B) cleaning
need + Verb-ing
21. الإجابة: B) carefully
carefully
22. الإجابة: B) are
الاسم الأقرب هو friends (جمع)، لذا نستخدم are.
23. الإجابة: B) since
24. الإجابة: B) much
25. الإجابة: B) is
Everyone is happy.
26. الإجابة: B) clearly
clearly
27. الإجابة: B) seen
see → saw → seen
28. الإجابة: B) are
Both of my brothers are doctors.
29. الإجابة: B) so
so + adjective + that
The movie was so interesting that everyone enjoyed it.
30. الإجابة: B) work
students who work hard every day.
خلاصة هذا القسم
احفظ هذه النقاط لأنها تتكرر كثيرًا في اختبار STEP:
Never / Rarely / Hardly / No sooner / Only then → يحدث Inversion.
Hardly → when.
No sooner → than.
Parallel Structure: حافظ على نفس صيغة الكلمات في القائمة.
Adjective يصف الاسم، وAdverb يصف الفعل.
say + something، tell + someone.
bring إلى المتحدث، take بعيدًا عنه.
hard = بجد، بينما hardly = بالكاد.
انتبه إلى Grammar Traps؛ فهي من أكثر أنواع الأسئلة شيوعًا في اختبار STEP.
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