Reported Speech in English: شرح الكلام المنقول في اللغة الإنجليزية مع أمثلة واختبار STEP
| العنصر | التفاصيل |
|---|---|
| الاستخدام | نقل كلام الآخرين |
| أهم نقطة | تغيير الأزمنة والضمائر |
| الكلمات الدالة | Said, Told, Asked |
| مستوى STEP | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Meta Description:
تعلم Reported Speech في اللغة الإنجليزية بطريقة سهلة مع شرح الجمل الخبرية، الأسئلة، الأوامر، تغيير الأزمنة، وتغيير كلمات الزمان والمكان، بالإضافة إلى اختبار STEP شامل مع الحلول.
ما هو Reported Speech؟
الكلام المنقول (Reported Speech) هو نقل كلام شخص آخر دون استخدام علامتي الاقتباس (" ").
نسميه أيضًا:
Indirect Speech
Reported Speech
مثال
Direct Speech
Ali said,
"I am tired."
Reported Speech
Ali said that he was tired.
لاحظ أننا حذفنا علامات الاقتباس وغيرنا الزمن.
لماذا نغيّر الزمن؟
إذا كان فعل النقل في الماضي مثل:
said
told
asked
فغالبًا نرجع الزمن خطوة إلى الماضي (Backshift).
أولاً: Reported Statements (الجمل الخبرية)
الصيغة
Subject + said (that) + Reported Clause
Example
Direct:
Sara said,
"I like coffee."
Reported:
Sara said that she liked coffee.
يمكن حذف كلمة:
that
بدون أن يتغير المعنى.
أشهر أفعال النقل
said
told
explained
admitted
mentioned
believed
promised
الفرق بين Said و Told
Said
لا يأتي بعدها شخص مباشرة.
Ali said that he was busy.
Told
يأتي بعدها الشخص.
Ali told me that he was busy.
لا نقول:
Ali told that...
❌
ثانياً: Tense Changes (تغيير الأزمنة)
إذا كان فعل النقل في الماضي فإن الأزمنة تتغير غالبًا.
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Will | Would |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Shall | Should |
أمثلة
Present Simple
Direct
"I work every day."
Reported
He said that he worked every day.
Present Continuous
Direct
"I am studying."
Reported
He said that he was studying.
Present Perfect
Direct
"I have finished."
Reported
He said that he had finished.
Past Simple
Direct
"I visited Riyadh."
Reported
He said that he had visited Riyadh.
Will
Direct
"I will travel."
Reported
He said that he would travel.
Can
Direct
"I can swim."
Reported
He said that he could swim.
ثالثاً: Reported Questions
هناك نوعان.
Yes / No Questions
نستخدم:
if
أو
whether
Direct
"Do you like coffee?"
Reported
He asked if I liked coffee.
لاحظ:
لا نستخدم ترتيب السؤال.
❌
He asked if did I like coffee.
✅
He asked if I liked coffee.
Wh Questions
نحتفظ بكلمة السؤال.
where
when
why
who
what
how
Direct
"Where do you live?"
Reported
He asked where I lived.
Direct
"When will you travel?"
Reported
He asked when I would travel.
رابعاً: Reported Commands & Requests
عند نقل أمر أو طلب نستخدم:
tell
ask
order
advise
invite
warn
ثم:
to + Verb
أمر
Direct
"Open the door."
Reported
The teacher told us to open the door.
نهي
Direct
"Don't smoke."
Reported
The doctor told him not to smoke.
الصيغة
told + object + not to + verb
خامساً: Time & Place Changes
من أكثر أجزاء STEP أهمية.
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| ago | before |
| last week | the previous week |
| next week | the following week |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| here | there |
| come | go |
Examples
Direct
"I will come tomorrow."
Reported
He said that he would go the next day.
Direct
"I saw him yesterday."
Reported
She said that she had seen him the day before.
Direct
"I am here now."
Reported
He said that he was there then.
متى لا نغير الزمن؟
لا نغير الزمن إذا كان:
الفعل الناقل في المضارع.
Example
Ali says,
"I like English."
Reported
Ali says that he likes English.
أو إذا كانت حقيقة علمية.
Example
The teacher said,
"The Earth moves around the Sun."
تبقى كما هي.
أشهر الأخطاء في STEP
❌
He said he is busy.
إذا كان قال في الماضي.
✅
He said he was busy.
❌
She told that she was happy.
✅
She said that she was happy.
أو
She told me that she was happy.
❌
He asked where was I going.
✅
He asked where I was going.
❌
The teacher told us study.
✅
The teacher told us to study.
كيف تميز السؤال في STEP؟
إذا رأيت:
said
told
asked
wondered
wanted to know
فكر مباشرة في:
Reported Speech
نصائح مهمة لاختبار STEP
1. احفظ جدول تغيير الأزمنة.
هو أكثر جزء يأتي في الاختبار.
2. بعد Asked
إذا كان السؤال نعم أو لا:
if / whether
3. لا تستخدم ترتيب السؤال.
❌
where was he
✅
where he was
4. بعد Told
يجب وجود شخص.
told me
told us
told him
5. بعد Said
لا يأتي شخص مباشرة.
6. مع الأوامر
استخدم
to + verb
7. مع النهي
استخدم
not to + verb
8. لا تنس تغيير كلمات الزمن.
today
↓
that day
9. انتبه إلى
come → go
here → there
10. احفظ أكثر الكلمات تغييرًا
today
tomorrow
yesterday
now
this
these
here
come
اختبار STEP – Reported Speech (30 Questions)
1. Ali said, "I am tired."
A) Ali said that he is tired.
B) Ali said that he was tired.
C) Ali said that he had tired.
D) Ali told that he was tired.
2. Sara said, "I have finished my homework."
A) Sara said that she finished her homework.
B) Sara said that she had finished her homework.
C) Sara said that she has finished her homework.
D) Sara told she had finished her homework.
3. The teacher said, "The Earth moves around the Sun."
A) moved
B) had moved
C) moves
D) was moving
4. He said, "I will call you."
A) would call
B) called
C) calls
D) had called
5. She asked, "Do you like English?"
A) if I liked English
B) did I like English
C) if did I like English
D) whether do I like English
6. He asked, "Where do you live?"
A) where did I live
B) where I lived
C) where was I living
D) where do I live
7. My father said, "You can drive."
A) can
B) could
C) may
D) must
8. The doctor said, "You should rest."
A) should
B) must
C) rested
D) had rested
9. The teacher said, "Open your books."
A) opened
B) opening
C) to open
D) open
10. My mother said, "Don't stay up late."
A) don't stay
B) not staying
C) not to stay
D) didn't stay
11. "I saw Ahmed yesterday."
A) yesterday
B) the day before
C) tomorrow
D) today
12. "I will come tomorrow."
A) tomorrow
B) next week
C) the next day
D) today
13. "I am here now."
A) here / now
B) there / then
C) there / tomorrow
D) here / then
14. He told me ______ harder.
A) study
B) studying
C) to study
D) studied
15. She ______ me that she was happy.
A) said
B) told
C) asked
D) wondered
16. He said, "I worked yesterday."
A) worked
B) had worked
C) have worked
D) was working
17. They asked ______ I needed help.
A) what
B) if
C) where
D) whose
18. She asked where I ______.
A) am living
B) lived
C) live
D) will live
19. He said that he ______ the report.
A) finishes
B) had finished
C) finish
D) finishing
20. The officer ordered us ______ immediately.
A) leave
B) left
C) leaving
D) to leave
21. The manager advised us ______ early.
A) arrive
B) arriving
C) to arrive
D) arrived
22. My brother said he ______ football every Friday.
A) plays
B) played
C) play
D) had play
23. She said, "These books are mine."
A) these
B) those
C) this
D) them
24. He said, "This is my bag."
A) this
B) these
C) that
D) those
25. They said, "We are waiting."
A) had waited
B) were waiting
C) wait
D) waiting
26. He asked me why I ______ late.
A) was
B) am
C) were
D) be
27. She warned us ______ careful.
A) being
B) to be
C) be
D) been
28. He wanted to know when the meeting ______.
A) starts
B) started
C) would start
D) starting
29. She said, "I may visit London."
A) may
B) might
C) must
D) could
30. The teacher told the students ______ during the exam.
A) not talking
B) not to talk
C) don't talk
D) didn't talk
الإجابات
B
B
C
A
A
B
B
A
C
C
B
C
B
C
B
B
B
B
B
D
C
B
B
C
B
A
B
C
B
B
خلاصة Reported Speech
احفظ هذه النقاط الذهبية لاختبار STEP:
said + that + sentence
told + person + that + sentence
asked + if/whether (لأسئلة نعم/لا)
asked + Wh-word (لأسئلة Wh)
tell/ask/order + object + to + verb
tell/order + object + not to + verb (للنهي)
غيّر الزمن إذا كان فعل النقل في الماضي.
غيّر كلمات الزمان والمكان مثل: today → that day، tomorrow → the next day، here → there، now → then.
لا تستخدم ترتيب السؤال داخل الكلام المنقول، بل يكون الترتيب خبريًا (فاعل ثم فعل).
تعليقات
إرسال تعليق