شرح Present Perfect في اللغة الإنجليزية مع أمثلة واختبار (15 سؤالًا)
| العنصر | التفاصيل |
|---|---|
| الاستخدام | الخبرات والنتائج والأفعال المستمرة |
| الصيغة | Subject + has/have + V3 |
| الكلمات الدالة | Since, For, Already, Yet, Just |
| مستوى STEP | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Meta Description:
تعلم قاعدة Present Perfect في اللغة الإنجليزية بطريقة سهلة مع أمثلة واضحة، ثم اختبر نفسك من خلال 15 سؤال اختيار من متعدد مع الإجابات والشرح. الدرس مناسب للمبتدئين وطلاب اختبار STEP.
ما هو Present Perfect؟
يُعد Present Perfect من أكثر الأزمنة أهمية في اللغة الإنجليزية، ويظهر كثيرًا في اختبار STEP، خاصة في قسم Grammar وError Identification.
نستخدم هذا الزمن عندما حدث الفعل في الماضي ولكن له علاقة بالحاضر، أو عندما نتحدث عن تجربة أو إنجاز أو حدث وقع في وقت غير محدد.
متى نستخدم Present Perfect؟
1. حدث وقع في الماضي وما زالت نتيجته موجودة الآن
Examples
I have lost my keys.
لقد أضعت مفاتيحي (ولا تزال مفقودة).
She has broken her phone.
لقد كسرت هاتفها (وما زال مكسورًا).
2. تجربة في الحياة
عندما نتحدث عن شيء قمنا به في حياتنا دون تحديد الوقت.
Examples
I have visited London.
She has ridden a horse.
They have tried Japanese food.
3. حدث بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرًا حتى الآن
Examples
I have lived here for five years.
She has worked here since 2020.
We have known each other for a long time.
4. إنجاز تم الانتهاء منه
Examples
He has finished his homework.
We have completed the project.
صيغة Present Perfect
Subject + has / have + Past Participle (V3)
مع I / You / We / They
have + V3
Examples
I have finished my work.
They have arrived.
مع He / She / It
has + V3
Examples
She has studied English.
He has bought a new car.
كيف أعرف التصريف الثالث (V3)؟
بعض الأفعال منتظمة بإضافة ed
work → worked → worked
play → played → played
وبعضها غير منتظم ويجب حفظه
go → went → gone
see → saw → seen
eat → ate → eaten
write → wrote → written
be → was/were → been
become → became → become
النفي
Subject + has / have + not + V3
Examples
I have not finished yet.
She has not arrived.
They haven't called me.
السؤال
Have / Has + Subject + V3?
Examples
Have you finished?
Has she arrived?
Have they seen the movie?
الكلمات الدالة على Present Perfect
already
yet
just
ever
never
since
for
recently
so far
up to now
lately
before
الفرق بين Present Perfect وPast Simple
| Present Perfect | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| وقت غير محدد | وقت محدد |
| I have visited London. | I visited London last year. |
| له علاقة بالحاضر | انتهى في الماضي |
إذا رأيت كلمات مثل:
yesterday
last week
last year
in 2022
ago
فنستخدم غالبًا Past Simple وليس Present Perfect.
اختبار Present Perfect
1. I ______ my homework already.
A) have finished
B) finished
C) finish
D) finishing
2. She ______ here since 2021.
A) lives
B) has lived
C) lived
D) living
3. ______ you ever been to Dubai?
A) Do
B) Did
C) Have
D) Are
4. Ahmed ______ his car.
A) wash
B) washed
C) has washed
D) washing
5. They ______ the report yet.
A) haven't completed
B) didn't complete
C) don't complete
D) completing
6. He ______ in this company for ten years.
A) worked
B) has worked
C) works
D) working
7. We ______ that movie before.
A) have seen
B) saw
C) see
D) seeing
8. My sister ______ her keys.
A) loses
B) lost
C) has lost
D) losing
9. She ______ just ______ lunch.
A) has / eaten
B) have / eaten
C) is / eating
D) ate
10. I ______ him since primary school.
A) know
B) knew
C) have known
D) knowing
11. ______ Ali finished the project?
A) Is
B) Has
C) Does
D) Did
12. We ______ a new teacher recently.
A) have met
B) met
C) meet
D) meeting
13. He ______ never ______ sushi.
A) has / tried
B) have / tried
C) did / try
D) is / trying
14. They ______ friends for many years.
A) are
B) were
C) have been
D) being
15. The weather ______ much better.
A) became
B) becomes
C) has become
D) becoming
الإجابات
A
B
C
C
A
B
A
C
A
C
B
A
A
C
C
شرح الإجابات
أشهر الكلمات المفتاحية في Present Perfect
already
yet
just
ever
never
since
for
recently
lately
so far
up to now
before
خلاصة الدرس
احفظ هذه القاعدة الذهبية:
Subject + has / have + V3 (Past Participle)
واستخدم Present Perfect عندما:
تتحدث عن تجربة في حياتك.
يكون الحدث قد وقع في الماضي لكن أثره موجود الآن.
يبدأ الحدث في الماضي ويستمر حتى الحاضر.
تتحدث عن إنجاز أو حدث حديث.
إذا رأيت كلمات مثل since، for، already، yet، just، ever، never، recently، so far، ففكر أولًا في Present Perfect، بينما إذا وجدت yesterday، last week، ago، in 2020 فغالبًا سيكون الزمن Past Simple.
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