شرح Past Perfect في اللغة الإنجليزية مع أمثلة واختبار (15 سؤالًا)

 

العنصر	التفاصيل
الاستخدام	حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي
الصيغة	Subject + had + V3
الكلمات الدالة	Before, After, By the time
مستوى STEP	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Meta Description:

تعلم قاعدة Past Perfect (الماضي التام) بطريقة سهلة مع أمثلة واضحة، ثم اختبر نفسك من خلال 15 سؤال اختيار من متعدد مع الإجابات والشرح. الدرس مناسب للمبتدئين وطلاب اختبار STEP.

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ما هو Past Perfect؟

يُستخدم Past Perfect (الماضي التام) للتحدث عن حدث وقع وانتهى قبل حدث آخر في الماضي.

بمعنى آخر:

يوجد حدثان في الماضي.

• الحدث الذي وقع أولًا → Past Perfect

• الحدث الذي وقع ثانيًا → Past Simple

وهذه من أكثر القواعد تكرارًا في اختبار STEP.

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متى نستخدم Past Perfect؟

1. حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي

Examples

She had finished her homework before she went to bed.

I had eaten before I went to the restaurant.

The train had left before we arrived.

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2. لإظهار ترتيب الأحداث

Examples

After they had finished dinner, they watched a movie.

Before I arrived, the meeting had started.

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3. مع الكلام المنقول (Reported Speech)

Examples

Direct:

"I saw the movie."

Reported:

He said that he had seen the movie.

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صيغة Past Perfect

Subject + had + Past Participle (V3)

Examples

I had studied.

She had finished.

They had arrived.

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ملاحظة مهمة

جميع الضمائر تستخدم had.

I had

You had

He had

She had

It had

We had

They had

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النفي

Subject + had not + V3

Examples

I had not finished my homework.

She hadn't seen the movie.

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السؤال

Had + Subject + V3?

Examples

Had you finished?

Had they arrived?

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الكلمات الدالة على Past Perfect

before

after

by the time

already

when

until then

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الفرق بين Past Simple وPast Perfect

Past Simple	Past Perfect
حدث في الماضي	حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي
She left.	She had left before I arrived.

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كيف أعرف أن الجواب Past Perfect؟

إذا وجدت حدثين في الماضي، اسأل نفسك:

أي حدث حدث أولًا؟

الحدث الأول → Past Perfect

الحدث الثاني → Past Simple

Example

When I arrived, the class had started.

أولًا:

The class had started.

ثانيًا:

I arrived.

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اختبار Past Perfect

1. By the time we arrived, the movie ______.

A) started

B) had started

C) starts

D) has started

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2. She ______ her homework before she went to bed.

A) had finished

B) finishes

C) finished

D) has finished

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3. They ______ before the bus arrived.

A) left

B) have left

C) had left

D) leave

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4. Ahmed was tired because he ______ all day.

A) worked

B) had worked

C) works

D) has worked

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5. After we ______ dinner, we watched TV.

A) had eaten

B) eat

C) ate

D) have eaten

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6. The teacher ______ the lesson before the students entered.

A) explained

B) had explained

C) explains

D) has explained

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7. ______ they finished the project before Friday?

A) Did

B) Have

C) Had

D) Were

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8. I ______ never seen snow before I traveled to Turkey.

A) had

B) have

C) was

D) did

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9. The plane ______ before we reached the airport.

A) took off

B) had taken off

C) takes off

D) has taken off

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10. She ______ already left when I called.

A) has

B) had

C) was

D) did

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11. They ______ the office before the manager arrived.

A) had cleaned

B) cleaned

C) clean

D) have cleaned

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12. By the time I got home, my family ______ dinner.

A) had finished

B) finished

C) finish

D) has finished

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13. We couldn't enter because someone ______ the door.

A) locked

B) had locked

C) locks

D) has locked

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14. He realized that he ______ his wallet at home.

A) leaves

B) had left

C) left

D) has left

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15. After the rain ______, the children went outside.

A) stopped

B) had stopped

C) stops

D) has stopped

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الإجابات

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

11. A

12. A

13. B

14. B

15. B

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شرح الإجابات

1. had started

الفيلم بدأ قبل وصولنا، لذلك نستخدم Past Perfect.

2. had finished

أنهت واجبها أولًا، ثم ذهبت للنوم.

3. had left

المغادرة حدثت قبل وصول الحافلة.

4. had worked

العمل استمر وانتهى قبل أن يشعر بالتعب.

5. had eaten

الأكل حدث أولًا، ثم شاهدوا التلفاز.

6. had explained

شرح الدرس تم قبل دخول الطلاب.

7. Had

السؤال في الماضي التام يبدأ بـ Had.

8. had

الصيغة الصحيحة هي: had never seen.

9. had taken off

إقلاع الطائرة حدث قبل وصولنا إلى المطار.

10. had

الصيغة الصحيحة: had already left.

11. had cleaned

تنظيف المكتب تم قبل وصول المدير.

12. had finished

انتهت العائلة من العشاء قبل وصولي.

13. had locked

إقفال الباب حدث أولًا، ثم حاولنا الدخول.

14. had left

ترك المحفظة حدث قبل أن يدرك ذلك.

15. had stopped

توقف المطر أولًا، ثم خرج الأطفال.

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أشهر الكلمات المفتاحية في Past Perfect

• before

• after

• by the time

• already

• until then

• when (إذا وُجد حدثان في الماضي)

• before we arrived

• after he had finished

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أخطاء شائعة

❌ She had went home.

✅ She had gone home.

بعد had نستخدم دائمًا التصريف الثالث (V3) وليس التصريف الثاني.

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❌ They had finished before they had left.

✅ They had finished before they left.

لا نستخدم Past Perfect للفعلين معًا إلا إذا كان السياق يتطلب ذلك. غالبًا يكون:

• الحدث الأول: Past Perfect

• الحدث الثاني: Past Simple

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خلاصة الدرس

احفظ هذه الصيغة:

Subject + had + V3

واستخدم Past Perfect عندما:

• يوجد حدثان في الماضي.

• تريد توضيح أن حدثًا وقع قبل الآخر.

• ترى كلمات مثل before، after، by the time، already مع وجود حدثين في الماضي.

نصيحة لطلاب STEP:

اسأل نفسك دائمًا: أي الحدثين وقع أولًا؟ إذا استطعت تحديد الحدث الأول، فغالبًا ستكون إجابته Past Perfect، بينما الحدث الثاني يكون Past Simple. هذه الطريقة تحل معظم أسئلة الماضي التام في اختبار STEP.